Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that can cause damage to the optic nerve and lead to vision loss or blindness. It is often called the "silent thief of sight" because it can develop gradually and without noticeable symptoms until significant vision loss has already occurred.
The most common type of glaucoma is called primary open-angle glaucoma, which occurs when the drainage channels within the eye become blocked, leading to an increase in intraocular pressure (pressure inside the eye). Other types of glaucoma include angle-closure glaucoma, normal-tension glaucoma, and congenital glaucoma.
Factors that can increase the risk of developing glaucoma include age, family history, certain medical conditions (such as diabetes), long-term use of corticosteroids, and certain eye injuries or surgeries.
There is no cure for glaucoma, but treatments such as eye drops, laser therapy, and surgery can help to manage the condition and prevent or slow down further vision loss. Regular eye exams are important for detecting and treating glaucoma in its early stages.
Sign & Symptoms:
In the early stages, most types of glaucoma have no noticeable symptoms, which is why regular eye exams are so important for early detection and treatment. However, as the condition progresses, some people may experience the following signs and symptoms:
Gradual loss of peripheral vision: This is often the first sign of glaucoma, as it tends to affect the peripheral (side) vision first. Over time, the visual field loss may progress and create tunnel vision.
Blurred or hazy vision: This may occur due to increased pressure within the eye.
Halos around lights: This can be a sign of acute angle-closure glaucoma, which is a medical emergency.
Redness in the eye: This may occur in acute angle-closure glaucoma, which is often accompanied by severe eye pain and headache.
Nausea or vomiting: These symptoms may accompany acute angle-closure glaucoma, along with blurred vision and eye pain.
Eye pain: This is more common in acute angle-closure glaucoma, but can also occur in other types of glaucoma.
